13-IPv6组播VLAN配置
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目 录
1 IPv6组播VLAN······························································································································· 1-1
1.1 IPv6组播VLAN简介················································································································ 1-1
1.2 IPv6组播VLAN配置任务简介··································································································· 1-2
1.3 配置IPv6组播VLAN················································································································ 1-2
1.3.1 配置准备······················································································································· 1-2
1.3.2 配置IPv6组播VLAN······································································································ 1-3
1.4 配置IPv6组播VLAN内MLD Snooping转发表项的最大数量······················································· 1-3
1.5 IPv6组播VLAN显示和维护······································································································ 1-4
1.6 IPv6组播VLAN典型配置举例··································································································· 1-4
在本章中,设备作为二层设备使用(组网图中用Switch表示),三层设备(组网图中用Router表示)的相关配置以H3C路由器产品为例。
如图1-1所示,在传统的IPv6组播点播方式下,当属于不同VLAN的主机Host A、Host B和Host C同时点播同一IPv6组播组时,三层设备(Router A)需要把IPv6组播数据在每个用户VLAN(即主机所属的VLAN)内都复制一份发送给二层设备(Switch A)。这样既造成了带宽的浪费,也给三层设备增加了额外的负担。
图1-1 未运行IPv6组播VLAN时的IPv6组播数据传输
可以使用IPv6组播VLAN功能解决这个问题。在二层设备上配置了IPv6组播VLAN后,三层设备只需把IPv6组播数据在IPv6组播VLAN内复制一份发送给二层设备,而不必在每个用户VLAN内都复制一份,从而节省了网络带宽,也减轻了三层设备的负担。
目前,设备只支持基于子VLAN的IPv6组播VLAN:
如图1-2所示,接收者主机Host A、Host B和Host C分属不同的用户VLAN。在Switch A上配置VLAN 10为IPv6组播VLAN,将所有的用户VLAN都配置为该IPv6组播VLAN的子VLAN,并在IPv6组播VLAN内使能MLD Snooping。
图1-2 基于子VLAN的IPv6组播VLAN示意图
配置完成后,MLD Snooping将在IPv6组播VLAN中对路由器端口进行维护,而在各子VLAN中对成员端口进行维护。这样,Router A只需把IPv6组播数据在IPv6组播VLAN内复制一份发送给Switch A即可,Switch A会将其分发给该IPv6组播VLAN内那些有接收者的子VLAN。
· 有关MLD Snooping的相关配置,以及路由器端口和成员端口的详细介绍,请参见“IP组播配置指导”中的“MLD Snooping”。
· 有关VLAN Tag的详细介绍,请参见“二层技术-以太网交换配置指导”中的“VLAN”。
表1-1 IPv6组播VLAN配置任务简介
配置任务 |
说明 |
详细配置 |
配置IPv6组播VLAN |
必选 |
|
配置IPv6组播VLAN内MLD Snooping转发表项的最大数量 |
可选 |
在配置IPv6组播VLAN之前,需完成以下任务:
· 使能IPv6转发功能
· 创建相应的VLAN
· 在欲配置为IPv6组播VLAN的VLAN内使能MLD Snooping
首先需要把某个VLAN配置为IPv6组播VLAN,再将用户VLAN添加到该IPv6组播VLAN内,使其成为IPv6组播VLAN的子VLAN。
表1-2 配置基于子VLAN的IPv6组播VLAN
操作 |
命令 |
说明 |
进入系统视图 |
system-view |
- |
配置指定VLAN为IPv6组播VLAN,并进入IPv6组播VLAN视图 |
multicast-vlan ipv6 vlan-id |
必选 缺省情况下,VLAN不是IPv6组播VLAN |
向IPv6组播VLAN内添加子VLAN |
subvlan vlan-list |
必选 缺省情况下,IPv6组播VLAN内没有子VLAN |
· 在已使能了IPv6组播路由的设备上不允许再配置IPv6组播VLAN。
· 要配置为IPv6组播VLAN的指定VLAN必须存在。
· 要添加到IPv6组播VLAN内的子VLAN必须存在。
· IPv6组播VLAN内子VLAN的总数不得超过1024。
用户可以调整IPv6组播VLAN内MLD Snooping转发表项的最大数量,当所有IPv6组播VLAN内维护的表项总数达到最大数量后,将不再创建新的表项,直至有表项被老化或被手工删除。
表1-3 配置IPv6组播VLAN内MLD Snooping转发表项的最大数量
操作 |
命令 |
说明 |
进入系统视图 |
system-view |
- |
配置IPv6组播VLAN内MLD Snooping转发表项的最大数量 |
multicast-vlan ipv6 entry-limit limit |
必选 缺省情况下,IPv6组播VLAN内MLD Snooping转发表项的最大数量与系统的工作模式有关,详细说明请参见“基础配置指导/设备管理”中的“配置系统工作模式” |
在对IPv6组播VLAN内MLD Snooping转发表项的最大数量进行配置时,如果所有IPv6组播VLAN内的表项总数已超过了配置值,系统将提示用户删除多余表项,但并不会自动删除任何已存在的表项,同时也不再继续创建新的表项。
在完成上述配置后,在任意视图下执行display命令可以显示配置后IPv6组播VLAN的运行情况,通过查看显示信息验证配置的效果。
表1-4 IPv6组播VLAN显示和维护
命令 |
|
查看IPv6组播VLAN的信息 |
display multicast-vlan ipv6 [ vlan-id ] [ | { begin | exclude | include } regular-expression ] |
缺省情况下,以太网接口、VLAN接口及聚合接口处于DOWN状态。如果要对这些接口进行配置,请先使用undo shutdown命令使接口状态处于UP状态。
· 如图1-3所示,Router A通过接口GigabitEthernet3/0/1连接IPv6组播源(Source),通过接口GigabitEthernet3/0/2连接Switch A;Router A上运行MLDv1,Switch A~Switch C上都运行版本1的MLD Snooping,并由Router A充当MLD查询器。
· IPv6组播源向IPv6组播组FF1E::101发送IPv6组播数据,Host A~Host D都是该IPv6组播组的接收者(Receiver),且分别属于VLAN 2~VLAN 5。
· 通过在Switch A上配置基于子VLAN的IPv6组播VLAN,使Router A通过IPv6组播VLAN向Switch A下分属不同用户VLAN的主机分发IPv6组播数据。
图1-3 基于子VLAN的IPv6组播VLAN配置组网图
使能IPv6转发功能,并配置IPv6地址
使能各设备的IPv6转发功能,并按照图1-3配置各接口的IPv6地址和前缀长度,具体配置过程略。
配置Router A
# 使能IPv6组播路由,在各接口上使能IPv6 PIM-DM,并在主机侧接口GigabitEthernet3/0/2上使能MLD。
<RouterA> system-view
[RouterA] multicast ipv6 routing-enable
[RouterA] interface GigabitEthernet 3/0/1
[RouterA-GigabitEthernet3/0/1] pim ipv6 dm
[RouterA-GigabitEthernet3/0/1] quit
[RouterA] interface GigabitEthernet 3/0/2
[RouterA-GigabitEthernet3/0/2] pim ipv6 dm
[RouterA-GigabitEthernet3/0/2] mld enable
配置Switch A
# 全局使能MLD Snooping。
<SwitchA> system-view
[SwitchA] mld-snooping
[SwitchA-mld-snooping] quit
# 创建VLAN 2~VLAN 5。
[SwitchA] vlan 2 to 5
# 配置端口GigabitEthernet3/0/2为Trunk端口,并允许VLAN 2和VLAN 3通过。
[SwitchA] interface GigabitEthernet 3/0/2
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet3/0/2] port link-type trunk
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet3/0/2] port trunk permit vlan 2 3
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet3/0/2] quit
# 配置端口GigabitEthernet3/0/3为Trunk端口,并允许VLAN 4和VLAN 5通过。
[SwitchA] interface GigabitEthernet 3/0/3
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet3/0/3] port link-type trunk
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet3/0/3] port trunk permit vlan 4 5
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet3/0/3] quit
# 创建VLAN 10,把端口GigabitEthernet3/0/1添加到该VLAN中,并在该VLAN内使能MLD Snooping。
[SwitchA] vlan 10
[SwitchA-vlan10] port GigabitEthernet 3/0/1
[SwitchA-vlan10] mld-snooping enable
[SwitchA-vlan10] quit
# 配置VLAN 10为IPv6组播VLAN,并把VLAN 2~VLAN 5都配置为该IPv6组播VLAN的子VLAN。
[SwitchA] multicast-vlan ipv6 10
[SwitchA-ipv6-mvlan-10] subvlan 2 to 5
[SwitchA-ipv6-mvlan-10] quit
配置Switch B
# 全局使能MLD Snooping。
<SwitchB> system-view
[SwitchB] mld-snooping
[SwitchB-mld-snooping] quit
# 创建VLAN 2,把端口GigabitEthernet3/0/2添加到该VLAN中,并在该VLAN内使能MLD Snooping。
[SwitchB] vlan 2
[SwitchB-vlan2] port GigabitEthernet 3/0/2
[SwitchB-vlan2] mld-snooping enable
[SwitchB-vlan2] quit
# 创建VLAN 3,把端口GigabitEthernet3/0/3添加到该VLAN中,并在该VLAN内使能MLD Snooping。
[SwitchB] vlan 3
[SwitchB-vlan3] port GigabitEthernet 3/0/3
[SwitchB-vlan3] mld-snooping enable
[SwitchB-vlan3] quit
# 配置端口GigabitEthernet3/0/1为Trunk端口,并允许VLAN 2和VLAN 3通过。
[SwitchB] interface GigabitEthernet 3/0/1
[SwitchB-GigabitEthernet3/0/1] port link-type trunk
[SwitchB-GigabitEthernet3/0/1] port trunk permit vlan 2 3
配置Switch C
Switch C的配置与Switch B相似,配置过程略。
检验配置效果
# 查看Switch A上所有IPv6组播VLAN的信息。
[SwitchA] display multicast-vlan ipv6
Total 1 IPv6 multicast-vlan(s)
IPv6 Multicast vlan 10
subvlan list:
vlan 2-5
# 查看Switch A上MLD Snooping组播组的信息。
[SwitchA] display mld-snooping group
Total 5 IP Group(s).
Total 5 IP Source(s).
Total 5 MAC Group(s).
Port flags: D-Dynamic port, S-Static port, C-Copy port, P-PIM port
Subvlan flags: R-Real VLAN, C-Copy VLAN
Vlan(id):2.
Total 1 IP Group(s).
Total 1 IP Source(s).
Total 1 MAC Group(s).
Router port(s):total 0 port.
IP group(s):the following ip group(s) match to one mac group.
IP group address:FF1E::101
(::, FF1E::101):
Host port(s):total 1 port(s).
GE3/0/2 (D)
MAC group(s):
MAC group address:3333-0000-0101
Host port(s):total 1 port(s).
GE3/0/2
Vlan(id):3.
Total 1 IP Group(s).
Total 1 IP Source(s).
Total 1 MAC Group(s).
Router port(s):total 0 port(s).
IP group(s):the following ip group(s) match to one mac group.
IP group address:FF1E::101
(::, FF1E::101):
Host port(s):total 1 port(s).
GE3/0/2 (D)
MAC group(s):
MAC group address:3333-0000-0101
Host port(s):total 1 port.
GE3/0/2
Vlan(id):4.
Total 1 IP Group(s).
Total 1 IP Source(s).
Total 1 MAC Group(s).
Router port(s):total 0 port(s).
IP group(s):the following ip group(s) match to one mac group.
IP group address:FF1E::101
(::, FF1E::101):
Host port(s):total 1 port(s).
GE3/0/3 (D)
MAC group(s):
MAC group address:3333-0000-0101
Host port(s):total 1 port(s).
GE3/0/3
Vlan(id):5.
Total 1 IP Group(s).
Total 1 IP Source(s).
Total 1 MAC Group(s).
Router port(s):total 0 port(s).
IP group(s):the following ip group(s) match to one mac group.
IP group address:FF1E::101
(::, FF1E::101):
Host port(s):total 1 port(s).
GE3/0/3 (D)
MAC group(s):
MAC group address:3333-0000-0101
Host port(s):total 1 port(s).
GE3/0/3
Vlan(id):10.
Total 1 IP Group(s).
Total 1 IP Source(s).
Total 1 MAC Group(s).
Router port(s):total 1 port(s).
GE3/0/1 (D)
IP group(s):the following ip group(s) match to one mac group.
IP group address:FF1E::101
(::, FF1E::101):
Host port(s):total 0 port(s).
MAC group(s):
MAC group address:3333-0000-0101
Host port(s):total 0 port(s).
由此可见,MLD Snooping在IPv6组播VLAN(VLAN 10)中维护路由器端口,而在各子VLAN(VLAN 2~VLAN 5)中维护各自的成员端口。
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