This command can also be used when the routing table is too large and the user only wishes to display the detail of several specified routes. According to the information output through this command, the user can make sure if the specified routes exist or if its status is correct.

If the specified routes are those in a natural hop like 10.0.0.0, then this command will display the detail of all the routes.

The output of this command displays the routing table in tabular form. Each row represents a route, and includes:

l Destination address/mask length

l Protocol

l Preference

l Metric

l Next hop

l Output interface

Related command: ip route-static, display ip routing-table verbose, display ip routing-table, display ip routing-table static.

Example

# Display the summary of a routing table.

[VG] display ip routing-table

Routing Tables:

Destination/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface

127.0.0.0/8 Static 0 0 127.0.0.1 loopback

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 loopback

138.102.128.0/17 Direct 0 0 138.102.129.7 Ethernet 0

The above information displays the destination address/mask length, routing protocol type (Static indicates static routes, and Direct indicates directly reachable routes), the preference of this route, metric, next hop and the interface used for forwarding packets.

# Display the details of a routing table with IP address 127.0.0.1

[VG] display ip routing-table 127.0.0.1

**Destination: 127.0.0.1 Mask: 255.255.255.255

Protocol: *Direct Preference: 0

*NextHop: 127.0.0.1 Interface: 127.0.0.1(LoopBack0)

State: <NInst NoAdv Int Active Retain Gateway>

Age: 29:23:08 Metric: 0/0

This command displays all the routing information to a specified destination IP address. The output information helps the user make sure if the specified routes exist or if the specific status is correct.

If routes in natural hop are specified as 10.0.0.0, then the details about all the routes in this hop will be displayed; otherwise only the routing information corresponding to the specified addresses is displayed.

1.1.4 display ip routing-table radix

Syntax

display ip routing-table radix

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the display ip routing-table radix command to view the routing table in tree form.

Example

# Display the routing table in tree form.

[VG] display ip routing-table radix

Radix tree for inet (2) inodes 20 routes 12:

+-24+--{202.102.10.0

+--4+

| +-24+--{196.100.10.0

| +-32+--{196.100.10.1

+--1+

| +--8+--{172.0.0.0

| +-32+--{172.110.10.1

| +-20+

| | +-32+--{172.110.1.10

| +--9+

| +-32+--{172.10.0.87

+--0+

| | +--8+--{127.0.0.0

| | | +-32+--{127.0.0.1

| +--1+

| | +-16+--{36.7.0.0

| +--2+

| | +-32+--{10.110.255.1

| +--9+

| +-32+--{10.11.0.211

1.1.5 display ip routing-table static

Syntax

display ip routing-table static

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the display ip routing-table static command to view the static routing table.

With the output of this command, you can determine whether the configuration of the static route is correct.

Related command: ip route-static, display ip routing-table, display ip routing-table ip-address, display ip routing-table verbose.

Example

# Display the static routing table.

[VG] display ip routing-table static

Static routes for family INET:1.2.3.0/24 pref 60 <Int> intf Enthernet 0

127.0.0.0/8 pref 0 <NoAdv Int Retain Rej> intf 127.0.0.1

The information displayed above helps users to make sure whether the configuration of the static route is correct. The following information is displayed: destination address/mask length, preference of the route, status parameter, output interface and the next hop address.

1.1.6 display ip routing-table verbose

Syntax

display ip routing-table verbose

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the display ip routing-table verbose command to view the details of a routing table.

With the output of this command, you can diagnose route-related faults.

Related command: ip route-static, display ip routing-table, display ip routing-table, display ip routing-table static.

Example

# Display the details of a routing table.

[VG] display ip routing-table verbose

Route state description

NoAdv: do not advertiset Int: IGP route

Del: route to be deleted

Active: current route Retain: route retains in the routing table

Rej: rejecting route Black: black hole route

Routing Tables:

Generate Default: no

+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both * = Next hop in use

Destinations: 8 Routes: 8

Delete: 0 Hidden: 4

**Destination: 1.1.1.0 Mask: 255.255.255.0

Protocol: Static Preference: -60

*NextHop: 2.2.2.2

State: <Int Hidden Gateway Static>

Age: 6:23:11 Metric: 0/0

**Destination: 127.0.0.0 Mask: 255.0.0.0

Protocol: *Direct Preference: 0

*NextHop: 127.0.0.1 Interface: 127.0.0.1(LoopBack0)

State: <NoAdv Int Active Retain>

Age: 6:24:44 Metric: 0/0

**Destination: 127.0.0.1 Mask: 255.255.255.255

Protocol: *Direct Preference: 0

*NextHop: 127.0.0.1 Interface: 127.0.0.1(LoopBack0)

State: <NInst NoAdv Int Active Retain Gateway>

Age: 6:24:44 Metric: 0/0

**Destination: 192.168.1.0 Mask: 255.255.255.0

Protocol: Static Preference: -60

*NextHop: 192.168.2.1

State: <Int Hidden Gateway Static>

Age: 6:23:11 Metric: 0/0

**Destination: 192.168.60.0 Mask: 255.255.255.0

Protocol: Static Preference: -60

*NextHop: 192.168.70.40

State: <Int Hidden Gateway Static>

Age: 6:23:11 Metric: 0/0

**Destination: 192.168.80.0 Mask: 255.255.255.0

Protocol: *Direct Preference: 0

*NextHop: 192.168.80.30 Interface: 192.168.80.30(Ethernet0)

State: <Int Active Retain>

Age: 1:49:50 Metric: 0/0

The above information first displays the route state description sign, then the statistics of the whole routing table, finally the details of each route. Their descriptions are displayed in the following table.

Table 1-1 Description on the fields of the display ip routing-table verbose command

Type	Symbol	Description
Route state description	NoAdv	NOADVISE route is not broadcast when each routing protocol is broadcasting routes according to routing policy.
	Int	The route is identified through IGP.
	Del	Route is deleted.
	Active	Actually valid route.
	Retain	Usually, when a certain routing protocol is normally exiting, all the routes identified by it will be deleted. However, those routes labeled with Retain will not be deleted.
	Rej	These routes do not forward packets as normal routes do. Packets selecting routes with the label of REJECT will be dropped, and such routes will send ICMP unreachable message to the source of the packet. REJECT routes are usually used for network tests or experiments.
	Black	BLACKHOLE route is similar to REJECT route. The difference is that it does not send the ICMP unreachable message to the source end of the packet.
Routing table statistics	Delete	Number of routes deleted.
Routing table statistics	Hidden	Some routes cannot be used for a certain reason (like interface Down), but it is necessary to keep them, then them should be hidden so that they can be recovered. The routing table statistics display the number of currently hidden routes.

1.1.7 ip route-static

Syntax

ip route-static ip-address {mask | masklen } { dialer interface-number | nexthop-address } [ preference value ] [ reject ] [ blackhole ]

undo ip route-static { all | ip-address { mask | masklen } [ dialer interface-number | nexthop-address ] [ preference value ] }

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 { 0.0.0.0 | 0 } { dialer interface-number | nexthop-address} [ preference value ] [ reject ] [ blackhole ]

undo ip route-static 0.0.0.0 { 0.0.0.0 | 0 } [ dialer interface-number | nexthop-address ] [ preference value ]

ip route-static default-preference level

undo ip route-static default-preference

View

System view

Parameter

ip-address and mask: Destination IP address and mask, in dotted decimal format. As it is required that the 1s in the 32-bit mask must be consecutive, the mask can also be represented in the dotted decimal format, or by the mask length (i.e., digits of “1”s in the mask).

dialer and interfacce-number: The dialer interface and its number.

nexthop-address: IP address of the next hop for this route, in dotted decimal format.

preference value: Specifies the preference of the route in the range from 1 to 255 and the default value is 60.

reject: Specifies the route is unreachable.

blackhole: Specifies this is a blackhole route.

level: Specifies a default preference for a static route in the range from 1 to 255. The default value is 60.

Description

Use the ip route-static command to configure a static route.

Use the undo ip route-static command to remove the route.

By default, there is no static route.

When the destination IP address and mask are both 0.0.0.0, a default route is configured. That is, when routing table search fails, packets are forwarded along this default route.

The route management policy can be flexibly used for setting different preferences. When multiple routes bound for the same destination are configured, and if the same preference is specified, then load sharing can be implemented. If different preferences are set, then route backup can be achieved.

While configuring a static route, you can specify a transmit interface, or a next-hop address. Which one is to be used depends on the actual situation. Just specify the transmit interface for the point-to-point interface. For the interface requiring network address to be translated into link-layer address, you must specify the next-hop IP address.

Related command: display ip routing-table, display ip routing-table verbose, display ip routing-table static.

& Note:

l The number of the static routing entries is determined by the system memory. It is recommended that the entries on the VG series gateways be no more than 50.

l If the preference parameter is not used when a static route is configured, this static route will use the value set by the ip route-static default-preference command as its preference. This command does not affect the preference of the configured static routes, but the default preference set by it will be used as the preference of a subsequent static route for which no preference is specified.

l If the Dialer interface is configured on the VG 10-40 and VG 10-41 that support PPPoE, the command for configuring a default route is ip route-static 0.0.0.0 { 0.0.0.0 | 0 } { nexthop-address | dialer 0 ] } [ preference value ] [ reject ] [ blackhole ].

Example

# Assign the next hop address of the default route to 192.168.80.50.

[VG] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.80.50

Chapter 2 PPPoE Client Configuration Commands

2.1 PPPoE Client Configuration Commands

2.1.1 debugging ppp

Syntax

debugging ppp { all | event | hexadecimal | negotiation | packet }

View

Any view

Parameter

all: Enables all the debugging of PPP.

event: Enables the PPP event debugging.

hexadecimal: Enables the PPP hexadecimal packets debugging.

negotiation: Enables the PPP negotiation debugging.

packet: Enables the PPP packet debugging.

Description

Use the debugging ppp command to enable the PPP debugging.

& Note:

This command is applicable only to the VG 10-40 and VG 10-41 voice gateways.

Example

# Enable the PPP packet debugging.

[VG] debugging ppp packet

2.1.2 debugging pppoe-client

Syntax

debugging pppoe-client option [ interface type number ]

View

Any view

Parameter

option: Type of PPPoE client debugging. Refer to the following table for details.

interface type number: Interface type and number. The parameter is defined for enabling the debugging of a specified interface. If no interface is specified, debugging of all interfaces will be enabled.

Table 2-1 Descriptions and types of PPPoE client debugging

Debugging type	Meaning
all	Enable all types of PPPoE client debugging.
data	Enable the debugging of packets at PPPoE session phase.
detail	Display details of PPPoE data.
error	Enable error debugging of PPPoE client.
event	Enable event debugging of PPPoE client.
packet	Enable debugging of negotiation packets at PPPoE discovery phase.

Description

Use the debugging pppoe-client command to enable debugging of PPPoE client.

& Note:

This command is applicable only to the VG 10-40 and VG 10-41 voice gateways.

Example

# Enable debugging of negotiation packets at PPPoE discovery phase.

[VG] debugging pppoe-client packet

2.1.3 dialer bundle

Syntax

dialer bundle number

undo dialer bundle

View

Dialer interface view

Parameter

number: Number of dialer bundle, which is 1.

Description

Use the dialer bundle command to enable Resource-Shared DCC configuration and configure a dialer bundle used by a dialer interface.

Use the undo dialer bundle command to disable Resource-Shared DCC configuration and disassociate the dialer bundle from the dialer interface.

By default, the Resource-Shared DCC is not enabled, nor is dialer bundle specified.

This command can be applied only on a dialer interface for configuring the dialer bundle that the interface will use. Furthermore, a dialer interface can only use a dialer bundle. This command can be used to not only enable Resource-Shared DCC but also specify a dialer bundle used by a dialer interface.

Example

# Configure the interface Dialer0 to use dialer bundle1.

[VG-Dialer0] dialer bundle 1

2.1.4 display pppoe-client session

Syntax

display pppoe-client session { summary | packet } [dial-bundle-number number ]

View

Any view

Parameter

summary: Displays the summary of PPPoE sessions.

packet: Displays the statistics of the received and transmitted data of PPPoE sessions.

dial-bundle-number number: Displays the statistics of a specified PPPoE session. If no session is specified, the statistics of all the sessions will be displayed.

Description

Use the display pppoe-client session summary command to view the state of PPPoE sessions and statistics.

Example

# Display the summary of the PPPoE sessions.

[VG] display pppoe-client session summary

PPPoE Client Session:

ID Bundle Dialer Intf Client-MAC Server-MAC State

1 1 0 Eth0 00e0fc0254f3 00049a23b050 PPPUP

Table 2-2 Description on the fields of the display pppoe-client session summary command

Field	Description
ID	ID of PPPoE session
Bundle	Dialer Bundle of PPPoE session
Dialer	Dialer interface of PPPoE session
Intf	Ethernet interface of PPPoE session
Client-MAC	MAC address of the PPPoE Client
Server-MAC	MAC address of the PPPoE Server
State	State of PPPoE session

# Display the statistics of the transmitted and received data of PPPoE sessions.

[VG] display pppoe-client session packet

PPPoE Client Session:

ID InP InO InD OutP OutO OutD

1 164 6126 0 83 1069 0

Table 2-3 Description on the fields of the display pppoe-client session packet command

Field	Description
ID	ID of PPPoE session
InP	Number of received packets
InO	Number of received octets
InD	Number of discarded packets due to invalidation
OutP	Number of sent packets
OutO	Number of sent octets
OutD	Number of sending packets dropped due to invalidation

2.1.5 ip address

Syntax

ip address ip-address { mask | mask-length }

undo ip address

View

Dialer interface view

Parameter

ip-address: IP address of the interface.

mask: Subnet mask, in dotted decimal format.

mask-length: Length of the subnet mask.

Description

Use the ip address command to configure the IP address of the interface.

Use the undo ip address command to cancel the IP address.

By default, no IP address is defined.

The IP addresses fall into five classes. You can choose the proper IP subnet as required. For special purpose, the IP addresses the host addresses of which are all 0s or 1s can not be used as common IP addresses. The addresses of categories D and E cannot be used either.

The network number contained in the IP address can be identified by mask. For example, the IP address of a VG Ethernet interface is 129.9.30.42, the mask is 255.255.0.0, and then you can learn that the network address of the VG Ethernet interface is 129.9.0.0 by ANDing (a logical operation) the IP address and the mask.

In addition, all the IP addresses configured on the interfaces in the VG can not be located in the same subnet.

Related command: ip route-static. display ip interface, and display interfaces.

& Note:

The Dialer interface does not support secondary address configuration.

Example

# Configure the IP address of the Dialer0 to 129.102.0.1.

[VG-Dialer0] ip address 129.102.0.1 255.255.255.0

2.1.6 ip address ppp-negotiate

Syntax

ip address ppp-negotiate

undo ip address

View

Dialer interface view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the ip address ppp-negotiate command to enable IP address negotiation on the interface.

Use the undo ip address ppp-negotiate command to disable the negotiation on IP address.

By default, the IP address negotiation function is disabled. That is, the IP address is not allocated by the peer.

When PPP is encapsulated and no IP address is configured for the interface, if the remote interface has an IP address, you can configure IP address negotiable attribute for the interface. You can implement this to enable the interface to accept the IP address allocated by the remote interface through PPP negotiation. The configuration is mainly used to enable the interface to obtain the IP address allocated by ISP when accessing the Internet through ISP.

Example

# Allow IP address to be negotiated at Dialer 0.

[VG-Dialer0] ip address ppp-negotiate

2.1.7 link-protocol ppp

Syntax

link-protocol ppp

View

Dialer interface view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the link-protocol ppp command to set the interface link protocol to PPP.

By default, the interface link protocol is PPP.

PPP is a link protocol for bearing network packets on a point-to-point link. PPP defines a set of protocols, including the link control protocol (LCP), network control protocol (NCP), password authentication protocol (PAP), and challenge authentication protocol (CHAP). PPP is widely used for its user authentication function, simple expansion, and synchronous/asynchronous feature.

The link protocol of an interface must be consistent with that of the peer interface.

Related command: display interfaces.

Example

# Set the link protocol of the Dialer0 interface to PPP.

[VG-Dialer0] link-protocol ppp

2.1.8 ppp chap password

Syntax

ppp chap password { simple | cipher } password

undo ppp chap password

View

Dialer interface view

Parameter

password: CHAP authentication password, which is sent to the remote device for CHAP authentication.

simple: Displays the password in plain text.

cipher: Displays the password in cipher text.

Description

Use the ppp chap password command to configure the password sent by the local VG to the remote device for CHAP authentication.

Use the undo ppp chap password command to disable the configuration.

By default, CHAP authentication password is null.

Related command: ppp chap user.

Example

# Configure password as h3c in plain text when the VG dialer interface Dialer0 uses the CHAP authentication mode.

[VG-Dialer0] ppp chap password simple h3c

2.1.9 ppp chap user

Syntax

ppp chap user username

undo ppp chap user

View

Dialer interface view

Parameter

username: Username of CHAP. This name is sent to a remote device to perform CHAP authentication.

Description

Use the ppp chap user command to configure the name of user sent by the local VG to the remote device for CHAP authentication.

Use the undo ppp chap user command to delete the existing configuration.

By default, the username of the CHAP is null.

Related command: ppp authentication-mode, ppp chap password.

Example

# Configure the username sent to a remote device as h3c when CHAP authentication is performed on the interface Dialer 0.

[VG-Dialer0] ppp chap user h3c

2.1.10 ppp keepalive times

Syntax

ppp keepalive times number

undo ppp keepalive times

View

Dialer interface view

Parameter

number: The times of retransmission of the ppp echo request packet from the local end to the remote end in the range from 1 to 10. The default value is 5.

Description

Use the ppp keepalive times command to set the times of retransmission of the ppp echo request packet from the local end to the remote end in order to control the time of deleting the PPP Session.

Use the undo ppp keepalive times command to resume the default times the local end retransmits the ppp echo request packet.

Example

# Configure to six the times of retransmission of the ppp echo request packet from the local end to the remote end to

[VG-Dialer0] ppp keepalive times 6

2.1.11 ppp pap local-user

Syntax

ppp pap local-user username password { simple | cipher } password

undo ppp pap local-user

View

Dialer interface view

Parameter

username: Username of PAP. This name is sent to remote device to perform PAP authentication.

password: Password of PAP. This password is sent to remote device to perform PAP authentication.

simple: Password in plain text.

cipher: Password in cipher text.

Description

Use the ppp pap local-user command to configure the username and password sent to the remote device for PAP authentication.

Use the undo ppp pap local-user command to disable the configuration.

By default, both the username and password sent are null.

Related command: ppp authentication-mode.

Example

# Set the username of the local VG authenticated by the remote end in PAP mode as h3c and the password as h3c.

[VG-Dialer0] ppp pap local-user h3c password simple h3c

2.1.12 ppp timer negotiate

Syntax

ppp timer negotiate seconds

undo ppp timer negotiate

View

Dialer interface view

Parameter

seconds: Negotiation time limit, in the range from 1 second to 10 seconds. The default value is three seconds.

Description

Use the ppp timer negotiate command to configure the PPP negotiation time limit.

Use the undo ppp timer negotiate command to restore the time limit to the default value.

During PPP negotiation, if no acknowledgement is received from the remote end within this time range, PPP will retransmit the packets that have been previously transmitted.

& Note:

After this command is configured, you need to shutdown and undo shutdown the Ethernet interface with PPPoE configured to validate the configuration.

Example

# Set the PPP negotiation timeout to 10 seconds.

[VG-Dialer0] ppp negotiate timeout 10

[VG-Dialer0] interface ethernet 0

[VG-Ethernet0] shutdown

[VG-Ethernet0] undo shutdown

2.1.13 pppoe-client

Syntax

pppoe-client dial-bundle-number number [ no-hostuniq ]

undo pppoe-client dial-bundle-number number

View

Ethernet interface view

Parameter

dial-bundle-number number: Number of the dialer bundle associated with a PPPoE session, which is 1. The number can be used for uniquely identifying a PPPoE session. Alternatively, it can be taken as the number of the PPPoE session.

no-hostuniq: Host-Uniq field will not be carried in the calls originated by the PPPoE client. PPPoE session carries Host-Uniq tag by default.

Description

Use the pppoe-client command to configure a PPPoE session and associate a dialer bundle with the session.

Use the undo pppoe-client command to remove the PPPoE session.

By default, PPPoE session is not configured.

One dialer bundle can only associate with one PPPoE session.

If a PPPoE session is always online, the VG will originate a PPPoE call for establishing PPPoE session immediately. This PPPoE connection will always be in place unless it is deleted by executing the undo pppoe-client command.

& Note:

At present, the VG can configure only one Dialer interface, and specify one dialer bundle for this interface. That is, one Ethernet interface can support only one PPPoE session.

Example

# Set up an always-online PPPoE session on the interface Ethernet 0.

[VG-Ethernet0] pppoe-client dial-bundle-number 1

2.1.14 reset pppoe-client

Syntax

reset pppoe-client { all | dial-bundle-number number }

View

Any view

Parameter

all: Resets all the PPPoE sessions.

dial-bundle-number: Dial bundle number, which is 1. It is used to reset the PPPoE session associated to a specified dialer bundle.

Description

Use the reset pppoe-client command to terminate a PPPoE session and re-establish it later.

If a PPPoE session has been terminated by executing the reset pppoe-client command, the VG will automatically re-establish the PPPoE session later.

Related command: pppoe-client.

Example

# Reset all the PPPoE sessions and re-establish the sessions later.

[VG] reset pppoe-client all

Chapter 3 IP Application Configuration Commands

3.1 ARP Configuration Commands

3.1.1 arp static

Syntax

arp static ip-address mac-address

undo arp static ip-address

View

System view

Parameter

ip-address: IP address of a static ARP mapping entry, in the dotted decimal notation format.

mac-address: Ethernet MAC address, in the format of XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX, in which XX is hexadecimal.

Description

Use the arp static command to configure manually a static ARP mapping entry.

Use the undo arp static command to delete a static ARP mapping entry with a specified address.

Manual configuration of static ARP mapping entries is necessary in such cases as a packet with a destination address beyond this network segment is bound to a particular network card to enable the packets that will be sent to this IP address can be forwarded through this gateway, or a user needs to filter some invalid IP addresses (for example, to bind these invalid addresses to a MAC address that does not exist.)

A static ARP mapping entry remains valid as long as the router works normally, while a dynamic ARP mapping entry is valid for 20 minutes.

When the IP address of an interface is changed, it is necessary to reconfigure manually a static ARP mapping entry.

Related command: reset arp-cache, display arp.

Example

# Configure the Ethernet MAC address corresponding to the IP address 129.102.0.1 in the LAN to 00-e0-fc-01-00-00.

[VG] arp static 129.102.0.1 00-eo-fc-01-00-00

3.1.2 debugging arp

Syntax

debugging arp

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the debugging arp command to enable the ARP debugging.

Example

# Enable ARP debugging.

[VG] debugging arp

3.1.3 display arp

Syntax

display arp

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the display arp command to view the ARP mapping table.

Related command: arp static, reset arp-cache.

Example

# Display the ARP mapping table.

[VG] display arp

Interface Address MAC Address Type

Ethernet1 2.2.3.6 33-44-55-66-23-33 Static

Ethernet1 2.2.3.5 00-e0-fc-01-b9-9d Dynamic

Table 3-1 Description on the fields of the display arp command

Field	Description
Interface	ARP interface name
Address	IP address of an ARP item
MAC Address	MAC address of an ARP item
Type	Type of an ARP item: static or dynamic

3.1.4 reset arp-cache

Syntax

reset arp-cache

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the reset arp-cache command to reset the dynamic ARP mapping table.

The dynamic ARP mapping entries are created automatically during the process of ARP resolution, and you can delete them through the reset arp-cache command. The static ARP mapping entries are added though the arp static command. You need to use the undo arp static command to delete them one by one.

Related command: arp static, display arp.

Example

# Clear the dynamic ARP cache.

[VG] reset arp-cache

3.2 Static Domain Name Resolution Configuration Commands

3.2.1 display ip host

Syntax

display ip host

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the display ip host command to display all the host names and their corresponding IP addresses.

Related command: ip host.

Example

# Display all the host names and their corresponding IP addresses.

[VG] display ip host

Host Address

server1 192.168.80.50

3.2.2 ip host

Syntax

ip host domain-name ip-address

undo ip host domain-name

View

System view

Parameter

domain-names: Domain name of a host, a character string with its length from 1 to 63.

ip-address: The IP address corresponding to a host name, which can neither be comprised of 0 or 1 alone, nor be an IP address of category D or E.

Description

Use the ip host command to configure the IP address corresponding to a host name.

Use the undo ip host command to remove the IP address corresponding to a host name.

By default, the static domain name table is empty, i.e. there is no host name and IP address pair.

Two domain name resolutions are available: dynamic domain name resolution and static domain name resolution.

l Dynamic domain name resolution is performed by the domain name server (DNS).

l Static domain name resolution enables you to configure the mapping between the domain names and the IP addresses manually.

When you add a static mapping entry, if the entry has a domain name the same as the last one, the newly added entry covers the last one. The static domain name resolution table can accommodate up to 50 entries mapping the domain names and the IP addresses.

Related command: display ip host.

Example

# Configure the IP address corresponding to the host name VG1 as 10.110.0.1.

[VG] ip host VG1 10.110.0.1

Chapter 4 IP Performance Configuration Commands

4.1 IP Performance Configuration Commands

4.1.1 debugging ip icmp

Syntax

debugging ip icmp

undo debugging ip icmp

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the debugging ip icmp command to enable the debugging during the ICMP protocol processing.

Use the undo debugging ip icmp command to disable the debugging during the ICMP protocol processing.

Example

# Display the debugging information during the ICMP protocol processing.

[VG] debugging ip icmp

ICMP Input :

Type : Echo

Code : 0

Src = 192.168.80.70, Dst = 192.168.80.30

ICMP Output :

Type : Echo Reply

Code : 0

Src = 192.168.80.30, Dst = 192.168.80.70

4.1.2 debugging ip packet

Syntax

debugging ip packet [ acl ]

undo debugging ip packet

View

Any view

Parameter

acl: Configures an access list for packet filtering.

Description

Use the debugging ip packet command to enable the debugging of sending and receiving IP packets.

Use the undo debugging ip packet command to disable the debugging of sending and receiving IP packets.

Example

# Display the debugging information about sending and receiving IP packets.

[VG] undo debugging ip packet

IP: Version = 4, HdrLen = 5, TOS = 0, Total Len = 84

ID = 3670, Offset = 0, TTL = 255, Protocol = 1, Chksum = 35741

s = 192.168.80.70, d = 192.168.80.30, if = Ethernet0, Received

IP: s = 192.168.80.70, d = 192.168.80.30, len = 64, if = Ethernet0, Delivered to up

IP IP_IF_Output: *** NextHop = 192.168.80.70 ***

IP: Version = 4, HdrLen = 5, TOS = 0, Total Len = 84

ID = 3729, Offset = 0, TTL = 255, Protocol = 1, Chksum = 35741

s = 192.168.80.30, d = 192.168.80.70, if = Ethernet0, Sending

4.1.3 debugging tcp

Syntax

debugging tcp { event | packet }

undo debugging tcp { event | packet }

View

Any view

Parameter

event: Debugging switch of the TCP event.

packet: Packet debugging switch of TCP connection.

Description

Use the debugging tcp command to enable the TCP debugging switch.

Use the undo debugging tcp command to disable the TCP debugging switch.

Example

# Enable the debugging switch of the TCP event.

[VG] debugging tcp event

Incoming TCP packet:

Source IP address: 192.168.080.100

Source port:1067

Destination IP address: 192.168.080.030

Destination port: 23

Flags: SYN

TCP output packet:

Source IP address: 192.168.080.030

Source port:23

Destination IP address: 192.168.080.100

Destination port: 1067

Flags: SYN

4.1.4 debugging udp

Syntax

debugging udp

undo debugging udp

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the debugging udp command to enable the debugging information of UDP connection.

Use the undo debugging udp command to disable the debugging information of UDP connection.

Example

# Enable the debugging information of UDP connection

<VG> debugging udp

Output UDP datagram:

Source IP address : 192.168. 80. 30

Source port : 1719

Destination IP address : 192.168. 80. 50

Destination port : 1719

Packet Length : 94,

4.1.5 display icmp statistics

Syntax

display icmp statistics

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the display icmp statistics command to view the statistics of ICMP packet traffic.

Related command: display interface.

Example

# Display the statistics of ICMP packet traffic.

[VG] display icmp statistics

Input: bad formats 0 bad checksum 0

echo 5 destination unreachable 0

source quench 0 redirects 0

echo reply 15 parameter problem 0

timestamp 0 information request 0

mask requests 0 mask replies 0

time exceeded 1

Output:echo 15 destination unreachable 0

source quench 0 redirects 0

echo reply 5 parameter problem 0

timestamp 0 information reply 0

mask requests 0 mask replies 0

time exceeded 1

Table 4-1 Description on the fields of the display icmp statistics command

Field	Description
Input: bad formats	Number of input packets in wrong formats
bad checksum	Number of input packets with wrong checksums
echo	Number of input (output) echo request packets
destination unreachable	Number of input (output) destination unreachable packets
source quench	Number of input (output) source quench packets
redirects	Number of input (output) redirection packets
echo reply	Number of input (output) echo reply packets
parameter problem	Number of input (output) packet with wrong parameters
timestamp	Number of input (output) timestamp packets
information request	Number of input information request packets
mask requests	Number of input (output) mask request packets
mask replies	Number of input (output) mask reply packets
information reply	Number of output information reply packets
time exceeded	Number of time exceeded packets

4.1.6 display ip interface

Syntax

display ip interface [ type ] [ number ]

View

Any view

Parameter

type: Interface type.

number: Interface number.

Description

Use the display ip interface command to display IP interfaces.

This command outputs all information related to IP on the interface, which helps diagnose the faults.

Related command: display interfaces.

Example

# Display the information of the Ethernet interface 0.

[VG] display ip interface ethernet 0

Ethernet0 current state:up, line protocol current state:up

Index is 1

ifFlags=ffff8863 <UP,BROADCAST,NOTRAILERS,RUNNING,SIMPLEX>

Internet Address is 2.2.2.2(24)

The interface supports BROADCAST

Protocol is ethernet, MTU is 1500

Input queue :(size/max/drops)

0/200/0

FIFO queueing: FIFO

(Outbound queue:Size/Length/Discards)

FIFO: 0/75/0

0 packets input, 0 bytes

0 input packets dropped, 0 no protocols, 0 input errors

0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 output errors

4.1.7 display ip statistics

Syntax

display ip statistics

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the display ip statistics command to view the statistics of IP packet traffic.

This command displays the statistics about received and sent IP packets, and the fragmented and reassembled packets, which helps to diagnose the faults.

Related command: display interfaces, display ip interface, reset ip counters.

Example

# Display the statistics of IP packet traffic.

[VG] display ip statistics

Input: sum 2161 local 2142

bad protocol 0 bad format 0

bad checksum 0 bad options 0

Output: forwarding 0 local 2271

dropped 0 no route 0

compress fails 0

Fragment:input 0 output 0

dropped 0

fragmented 0 couldn't fragment 0

Reassembling:sum 0 timeouts 0

Table 4-2 Description on the fields of the display ip statistics command

Field	Description
Input: sum	Total input packets
local	Packets whose input destination address is local
bad protocol	Number of packets whose protocol numbers are wrong
bad format	Number of packets whose formats are wrong
bad checksum	Number of packets whose checksums are wrong
bad options	Number of packets whose options are wrong
Output: forwarding	Number of forwarded packets
local	Number of locally sent packets
dropped	Number of dropped packets during the sending process
no route	Number of packets whose routes cannot be detected
compress fails	Number of packets whose compressions fail
Fragment: input	Number of input fragments
output	Number of output fragments
dropped	Number of dropped fragments
fragmented	Number of successfully fragmented packets
couldn't fragment	Number of packets that cannot be fragmented
Reassembling: sum	Total reassembling packets
timeouts	Number of timeout fragments

4.1.8 icmp redirect send

Syntax

icmp redirect send

undo icmp redirect send

View

System view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the icmp redirect send command to enable a router to receive redirected routes.

Use the undo icmp redirect send command to disable a router to receive redirected routes.

By default, forwarding redirected routes is disabled.

This command is used to enable a router to receive redirected routes.

Example

# Enable a router to send redirected routes.

[VG] icmp redirect send

4.1.9 ip option source-route

Syntax

ip option source-route

undo ip option source-route

View

System view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the ip option source-route command to enable a router to receive/forward route packets of source address.

Use the undo ip option source-route command to disable a router to receive/forward route packets of source address.

By default, receiving/forwarding route packets of source address is disabled.

Example

# Enable a router to receive/forward route packets of source address.

[VG] ip option source-route

4.1.10 mtu

Syntax

mtu size

undo mtu

View

Interface view

Parameter

size: The maximum size of the transmission unit.

l When the encapsulation format for the Ethernet is EthernetII, the MTU at the interface ranges from 512 to 1500 bytes. When the encapsulation format at the Ethernet interface is SNAP, the MTU at the interface ranges from 512 to 1492 bytes.

l When PPPoE is not bound to the Dialer interface, MTU ranges from 512 to 1500 bytes, and the default value is 1500 bytes. When PPPoE is bound to the Dialer interface, MTU ranges from 512 to 1492 bytes, and the default value is 1450 bytes.

Description

Use the mtu command to configure the size of the maximum transmission unit (MTU) on an interface.

Use the undo mtu command to restore the default value.

Whether the IP packet on the interface needs to be fragmented is decided by the MTU of the interface. The MTU varies with the type of the interface.

Example

# Configure the size of the MTU on an interface Ethernet0 to be 1000.

[VG-Ethernet0] mtu 1000

4.1.11 reset ip statistics

Syntax

reset ip statistics

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the reset ip statistics command to reset the information on IP statistics counters.

In some special circumstances, it is necessary to clear the existing IP statistics for new statistics.

Related command: display ip interface.

Example

# Reset the information on IP statistics counters.

[VG] reset ip statistics

4.2 TCP Performance Configuration Commands

4.2.1 display tcp status

Syntax

display tcp status

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the display tcp status command to view TCP connection status.

This command displays all TCP connection states so that the user can monitor the TCP connections at any time.

Example

# Display the TCP connection status.

[VG] display tcp status

LocalAddress LocalPort ForeignAddress ForeignPort State

129.102.100.142 23 129.102.001.092 1038 ESTABLISHED

000.000.000.000 23 000.000.000.000 0 LISTEN

The above information displays: a TCP connection has been set up, the local UP address of the TCP is 129.102.100.142; the local port number is 23; the foreign IP address is 129.102.1.92; and the remote port number is 1038. In addition, there is a server especially responsible for monitoring port 23.

4.2.2 tcp mss

Syntax

tcp mss value

undo tcp mss

View

Interface view

Parameter

value: Specifies a maximum number for TCP packet fragmentation, in the range from 128 to 2048.

Description

Use the tcp mss command to configure the length of the maximum TCP packet fragment.

Use the undo tcp mss command to cancel TCP packet fragmentation.

Since the default MTU of our interfaces is 1500 bytes, the encrypted packet header + link layer overhead + IP header + TCP packet is generally required to be smaller than 1500 bytes. It means it is best to configure about 1200 TCP fragments.

By default, the TCP packet is not fragmented.

Example

# Configure the maximum number of TCP packet fragments to 300.

[VG-Ethernet0] tcp mss 300

4.2.3 tcp timer fin-timeout

Syntax

tcp timer fin-timeout seconds

View

System view

Parameter

seconds: Value of the TCP finwait timer in seconds, ranging from 76 to 3600 seconds. The default value is 675 seconds.

Description

Use the tcp timer fin-timeout command to configure the TCP finwait timer.

Start the finwait timer when the connection status changes from FIN_WATI_1 to FIN_WAIT_2. If no FIN message is received before the finwait timer times out, the TCP connection will be terminated.

This parameter should be configured under the guidance of the technical support engineer.

Related command: tcp timer syn-timeout, tcp window.

Example

# Set the value of the TCP finwait timer to be 675 seconds.

[VG] tcp timer fin-timeout 675

4.2.4 tcp timer syn-timeout

Syntax

tcp timer syn-timeout seconds

View

System view

Parameter

seconds: Value for the TCP synwait timer in seconds, ranging from 2 to 600 seconds. The default value is 75 seconds.

Description

Use the tcp timer syn-timeout command to configure the TCP synwait timer.

When the synchronous packet is transmitted, the TCP starts the synwait timer. If no acknowledgment packet is received before the synwait times out, the TCP connection will be terminated.

This parameter should be configured under the guidance of the technical support engineer.

Related command: tcp timer fin-timeout, tcp window.

Example

# Configure the TCP synwait timer to 75 seconds.

[VG] tcp timer syn-timeout 75

4.2.5 tcp window

Syntax

tcp window window-size

View

System view

Parameter

window-size: Window size of the TCP connection-oriented socket in Kbytes, ranging from 1 to 32 Kbytes. The default window size is 4K bytes.

Description

Use the tcp window command to configure the window size for the sending/receiving buffer of the connection-oriented socket.

This parameter should be set under the guidance of the technical support engineer.

Related command: tcp timer fin-timeout, tcp timer syn-timeout.

Example

# Set the window size of the TCP connection-oriented socket to be 4K bytes.

[VG] tcp window 4

4.3 Fast Forwarding Configuration Commands

4.3.1 display ip fast-forwarding cache

Syntax

display ip fast-forwarding cache

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the display ip fast-forwarding cache command to view the information on the fast-forwarding table.

Related command: ip fast-forwarding cache.

Example

# Display the information of the fast-forwarding table.

[VG] display ip fast-forwarding cache

Fast-switching cache:

Index Scrip Sport Dip DsPort Pro Input_If Output_If FLAG

6000:0 1.1.3.149 1463 10.10.26.30 23 6 Ethernet0 Ethernet1 81

The above information indicates that the latest cache contains the data flow from port 1463 at 1.1.3.149 to port 23 at 10.10.26.30, with a protocol number 6, i.e. the TCP data, the ingress is Ethernet0 and the egress is Ethernet1.

4.3.2 ip fast-forwarding

Syntax

ip fast-forwarding [ inbound | outbound ]

undo ip fast-forwarding

View

Interface view

Parameter

inbound: Enables fast-forwarding only on the inbound interface.

outbound: Enables fast-forwarding only on the outbound interface.

Description

Use the ip fast-forwarding command to enable fast packet forwarding on the outbound interface.

Use the undo ip fast-forwarding command to disable fast-forwarding on the outbound interface.

By default, fast-forwarding is enabled in both directions.

In this command, the inbound and outbound parameters are mutually exclusive. In addition, the parameters configured later will replace those configured previously. To enable fast-forwarding in both directions, you can use this command without any parameters.

Fast-forwarding is well-suited to high-speed links (such as Ethernet). Its function will be useless, however, on a low-speed link, due to the low transmission rate such a link can provide.

H3C Series VGs support fast-forwarding on Ethernet interfaces. However, it should be noted that the interface configured with the function of fast-forwarding will be unable to send ICMP redirection packets.

Example

# Disable fast forwarding on the interface.

[VG-Ethernet0] undo ip fast-forwarding

# Enable fast forwarding in inbound direction.

[VG-Ethernet0] ip fast-forwarding inbound

4.3.3 ip fast-forwarding cache-size

Syntax

ip fast-forwarding cache-size { 4k | 16k | 64k | 256k | 1m}

undo ip fast-forwarding cache-size

View

System view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the ip fast-forwarding cache-size command to configure the size of the fast-forwarding table.

Use the undo ip fast-forwarding cache-size command to restore the default size.

By default, the size of the fast-forwarding table is 4K bytes.

The fast-forwarding table size is limited by the cache capacity. The relationship is shown below:

Table 4-3 Relationship between fast-forwarding table size and cache capacity

VG memory capacity	Configurable fast-forwarding table size
Memory capacity ≤ 32M	4k, 16k
32M < memory capacity ≤ 64N	4k, 16k, 64k, 256k
Memory capacity > 64M	4k, 16k, 64k, 256k, 1M

Example

# Configure the size of fast-forwarding table as 16K bytes.

[VG] ip fast-forwarding cache-size 16k

4.3.4 reset ip fast-forwarding cache

Syntax

reset ip fast-forwarding cache

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the reset ip fast-forwarding cache command to reset the fast-forwarding cache. The fast-forwarding table will not contain any fast-forwarding entry after having been cleared.

Example

# Clear the fast-forwarding cache.

[VG] reset ip fast-forwarding cache

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